We do not belong to the night or to the darkness” (verse 5). It is only those in darkness who will be taken unawares, and we “are all children of the light and children of the day. Christians are in a separate category: “But you, brothers and sisters, are not in darkness so that this day should surprise you like a thief” (1 Thessalonians 5:4). The believer does not fear this swift and sudden judgment the “thief in the night” will not catch us by surprise. Paul puts it this way: “While people are saying, ‘Peace and safety,’ destruction will come on them suddenly, as labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will not escape” (1 Thessalonians 5:3). But then, before they know it, Judgment Day will be upon them (verses 40–41). People will be “eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage” (verse 38), just as if they have all the time in the world. Just as a thief catches a household by surprise, Jesus will catch the unbelieving world by surprise when He returns in judgment. How is the second coming going to be like a thief in the night? The key element of Jesus’ comparison is that no one will know when He will return. Jesus says it will happen “after the tribulation of those days” (verse 29, ESV), a description that distinguishes this event from the rapture, which happens before the tribulation. This is a day of divine retribution featuring astronomical upheaval and the visible “sign of the Son of Man” in the heavens (Matthew 24:29–30). Paul calls it “the day of the Lord” in 1 Thessalonians 5. In Matthew 24, Jesus speaks of His second coming at the end of the tribulation. Two passages use the wording “a thief in the night”: Matthew 24:43, “Understand this: If the owner of the house had known at what time of night the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and would not have let his house be broken into,” and 1 Thessalonians 5:2, “You know very well that the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night.” The return of Jesus Christ is likened to the coming of a thief in the night.
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